EBME 105 Term Paper
New for fall 2007: The BME Term Paper assignment is OPTIONAL. If you meet all deadlines and complete the entire assignment, the term paper may raise your grade. If you do not complete the assignment or your term paper grade is lower than your overall grade based on exams and homework assignments, then your final grade will not include the term paper assignment.
A Term Paper in biomedical engineering is an optional assignment in EBME 105 that provides students with an opportunity to investigate a BME topic in more depth. This report should relate to an area of biomedical engineering that matches your interests. Primary BME faculty members or any associated BME faculty member in Cleveland may serve as your Term Paper Advisor. The topic you choose (1) must concern a biomedical subject, and (2) must have an engineering component: the topic must involve techniques which traditionally fall into the area of engineering--"straight" biology topics are NOT acceptable.
Engineering design is an important component of biomedical engineering. To foster engineering design in EBME105, we are offering the option of a Design Term Paper that will be developed from participation with a design team in EBME370, Principles of BME Design. This senior-level course covers the design process that is required to produce biomedical devices, research equipment, and clinical tools. EBME105 students who join a EBME370 design team will be integrated within the team and directly gain design experience. Therefore, attendance and participation in all team meetings are required throughout the semester. The EBME105 student team member will be primarily responsible for participating in the collection and analysis of critical support information during the project design, including 1) identification of need; 2) requirements and specification; 3) hazard and risk analysis and mitigation; 4) regulatory requirements; and 5) medical device pathways to the market. Each team and design topic are unique, but in general the first three topics should constitute major parts of the EBME105 Design Term Paper, and the last two topics should be minor parts of the paper. All five topics must be listed in the outline and final term paper. If you are interested in joining a EBME370 design team and writing a EBME105 Design Term Paper, please contact Marty Pagel, mpagel@case.edu by Friday Sep 7.
Collaboration within multidisciplinary groups is essential in Biomedical Engineering. To foster collaboration within EBME105, we are offering the option of a Group Term Paper. Each member must contribute equally to the paper, and the final paper must consist of 4-6 pages per group member. If you are interested in forming a group of EBME 105 students to write a Group Term Paper, please contact Marty Pagel, mpagel@case.edu by Friday Sep 21 for further details.
| Important Dates for You: |
Note: you are invited to complete an activity before each date.
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Friday Sep 7: Contact Marty Pagel if you plan to write a Design Term Paper. |
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Friday Sep 21: contact Marty Pagel if you plan to write a Group Term Paper. |
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Friday Oct 5 : Finalize your report title and a list of three
journal references with your Term Paper Advisor.
Confirm that your Term Paper Advisor has approved of your title & references
via the Term Paper Web Site.
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Friday Oct 26 : Submit your one-page outline and a
complete reference list to your Term Paper Advisor.
Confirm that your Term Paper Advisor has approved of your
outline and reference list via the Term Paper Web Site.
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Friday Nov 9 : Distribute copies of your term paper
and the EBME 105 Term Paper Rubric to two student colleagues
for peer review. Also submit a copy of your draft to Course TAs by 6pm Monday Nov 13. Report the names of your peer reviewers via the Term Paper Web Site.
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Monday Nov 26: Confirm that you are a peer reviewer
via the Term Paper Web Site. Distribute copies of your review to the Term Paper Author and submit copies of your reviews in class.
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Friday Dec 7: Submit your final Term Paper to
your Term Paper Advisor, and report that you have
submitted your paper via the Term Paper Web Site.
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Steps for Writing a Successful Term Paper
1. Select a BME Field
To determine a topic that interests you and which has a Biomedical subject AND an engineering component, briefly review sections of the Biomedical Engineering Handbook (J. D. Bronzino, ed., on reserve at Kelvin Smith Library), other textbooks on reserve in KSL, magazines such as Popular Science or Scientific American, or newspaper columns such as the science section of the New York Times. Once you have started to focus on a specific BME field, visit the library and find journals that contain articles about your topic to develop a general understanding of the field. The Internet can also provide useful information, although you should be cautious to avoid "misinformation" and unreliable sources. University-based Internet resources are usually accurate, but company-based Web pages can occasionally focus on advertising and generalities rather than accuracy and specifics. Note that Internet resources CAN'T be used as final references. Also, lay science journals such as Popular Science and Scientific American CAN'T be used as final references. Many students choose a BME topic that is related to one of the four sections of the course, but this is not required. Many students choose a BME topic that a friend or relative has experienced that involves biomedical engineering, such as an implant, an imaging exam, or a disease or disability.
2. Contact a BME Faculty Member
After performing an initial review, send email and visit a primary or associated BME faculty member who is knowledgeable about your topic. Please note that not all primary BME faculty members are participating as EBME105 Term paper Advisors. Consult the List of EBME105 Primary BME Faculty for more information. Please do NOT contact a faculty member until you have refined your interests. Ask the faculty member to serve as your Term Paper Advisor. The Term Paper Advisor should provide consultation regarding your topic to help you define the specific subject of your report and your tentative report title. The TP Advisor will likely suggest journals and/or journal article authors that pertain to your topic. Review articles in scientific journals are excellent resources. The TP Advisor can provide excelent advice about whether a particular journal article qualifies as a valid resource. You should also briefly discuss your motivation for selecting the topic with the faculty member. The BME faculty member doesn't need to be one of the instructors of the course. If you choose a BME faculty member not involved with the course, you MUST show this document to the faculty member, so that your responsibilities and the responsibilities of the faculty member are clear to both of you. If the faculty member has any additional questions, please refer the faculty member to Marty Pagel, mpagel@case.edu.
3. Initial Literature Research
After your initial meeting with your Term Paper Advisor, return to the library and review journal articles that pertain to your topic. You may also review lay science journals such as Scientific American, but you can't use this material as a reference. You may also use the internet, but once again this material can't be used as a reference. Journals you might find useful for your work include, but are not limited to: Annals of Biomed. Eng., IEEE Trans. BME, IEEE Eng. Med. & Biol., IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng., IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging, Med. & Biol. Eng. & Comput., Med. Eng. & Physics, J. Biomech. Eng. , J. Biomechanics, Biomed. Instrum. & Tech., Biol. Cyber., Biosensors & Bioelect., J. Clinical Eng. , J. Biomat. Sci., J Biomed. Mater. Res., and Am. Soc. Art. Intern. Organs J. These journals may be found in the Smith Library, Health Science Library, and Allen Memorial Library. Methods for searching for journal articles will be presented in class---see the lecture notes. Please periodically consult with your Term Paper Advisor via email or in person, especially if you have questions about whether a journal article is a valid resource. However, please keep these consultations to a minimum and be prepared before the consultation to make your interactions as efficient as possible.
4. Final Term Paper Title
Finalize your report title and a list of three journal references with your Term Paper Advisor by Friday Oct 5 . Obtain approval for your title & 3 references from your Term Paper Advisor. Confirm this approval via the Term Paper Progress Report Web Site.
Use the following format for referencing journal articles:
Talbot, A., M.R. Neuman, G.M. Saidel, E. Jacobsen , Dynamic model of oxygen transport for transcutaneous PO2 Analysis . Ann. Biomed. Eng. , 1996, 24(2):294-304.
Where "24" is the volume number, and "(2)" is the issue number if available.
Use the following format for chapters in books:
McLaren, G.D., M.H. Nathanson, G.M. Saidel (1995). Compartmental analysis of intestinal iron absorption. In: Kinetic Models of Trace Element and Mineral Metabolism. Eds: K.N. S. Subramanian and M.E. Wastney. CRC Press, pp.187-203.
5. More Literature Research
Conduct an in-depth literature search. Develop a detailed one-page outline of your report with a complete list of scientific journal references. Use ONLY journal articles and books that are used as references for scientists and engineers (i.e., are used citations by other journal articles). Review articles in scientific journals are excellent resources. Lay science journals and internet resources are NOT acceptable. Seven to ten references is a typical number, although there is no minimum or maximum number of references. Instead, you should review references until you are satisfied that you are knowledgable and have enough material to complete this assignment, and your term paper advisor will consider the quality and relevance of your references, not the number of references.
You may find many journal articles to be difficult to understand. Don't let this discourage you! Journal articles can often be difficult to read from start to finish; instead, first read the abstract, then look at the figures, then skim through the paper. Once you have a general understanding of the article and it appears to closely match your topic, then return to the beginning and read the paper in more depth. Use reference lists in the journal article to find related articles (especially review articles in scientific journals). For very difficult papers, extract as much information as possible from the abstract, introduction and conclusions. Terminology can often be an obstacle to learning, so take extra time to learn terminology when you first start your literature search; you will likely find that terminology will become much more familiar as you read more journal articles.
6. Term Paper Outline
Submit your one-page outline and a complete reference list to your Term Paper Advisor by Friday Oct 26. Your Term Paper Advisor will evaluate your outline and make suggestions for improvements. Confirm that you have received approval for your outline & references from your Term Paper Advisor via the Term Paper Progress Report Web Site.
Term paper outlines will be discussed in class. See the lecture notes on Blackboard. Your outline should be of the following form:
1. Major Heading
1.1. Topic statement (not sentence)
1.2. Topic statement
etc.
7. Write your Tem Paper
The purpose of the EBME 105 Term Paper is to provide you with the opportunity A) to collect information from a variety of sources; B) reflect on that information in conjunction with your prior experiences and knowledge; C) form new ideas or new combinations of existing ideas; D) and present your idea combinations in the form of the paper. Your goal is not to add new experimental or theoretical findings, but to synthesize the results of others to provide a new discussion. Therefore, the content of your Term Paper must be derived from your own ideas, and must not be a simple reiteration of portions of other journal articles. In addition, sources of others' results must be referenced according to accepted methods. In addition, quoting text from other sources is discouraged. Instead, your Term Paper should be written in your own words, paraphrasing the combination of information from other sources. If quoting other works is absolutely necessary, the quotation must be clearly identified with a diferent font or page format, and properly referenced.
Use your literature research and outline to write your Term Paper. The report must consist of 4-6 pages, excluding the cover page, references and figures. The report should be written at a level of Scientific American articles or a basic review article. The report should contain an "Introduction" section at the beginning and a "Summary" section at the end. The term paper must be written using a word processor, with 1" margins on all sides, with 11-point Times-New-Roman or Arial font, and with single space between lines. The title and author should notappear at the top of the first page, because this information is included on the cover page. Use sufficient subheadings to help orient the reader (highlighting the subheadings in bold is acceptable).
Your term paper must have a cover page that includes the title of the report, your name and email address, "EBME 105: Introduction to Biomedical Engineering", the name and email address of your Term Paper Advisor, and the date. All pages (excluding the cover page) must list your name in the upper right corner; all pages must be numbered in sequence at the bottom (you may start the numbering either on the cover page or on the first page with real text); these requirements can be easily accomplished using a document's "Header and Footer" feature.
Figures are optional. Figures must have a caption. Figures that are not your original work MUST be referenced in the figure caption. Figures should be directly relevant to your paper, and should not be included just to add more pages or for asthetic purposes. Figures may be included directly within the text or added as an appendix. figures don't count towards the 4-6 pages of text.
Your references must use the standard format listed above, and should be numbered and in sequence as they are referenced within the report. In the text, cite the references according to number, using parentheses at the end of a sentence. For example:
Several studies using MRI have accurately measured the perfusion rate through healthy kidneys (3).
8. Peer Review
After completing a "final draft" of your term paper (including the cover page), submit three copies of your term paper in class on Friday Nov 9. Two copies of your “final draft” will be distributed to two peers for review. You will receive two “final drafts” to review. As a Peer Reviewer, you should review the draft and use the Term Paper Rubric to provide constructive feedback for the term paper author. The peer reviews should be submitted in class on Monday Nov 26. These reviews will then be forwarded to the term paper authors.
This peer review is intended to be instructive, not destructive. This is an excellent opportunity to learn about a new BME topic.
9. Submit your Term Paper
Submit your final Term Paper to your Term Paper Advisor on or before 6:00 pm Eastern Standard Time, Friday Dec 7 . You must submit a hardcopy to your advisor, unless you contact your Advisor in advance and your advisor agrees to accept the paper in electronic form. If you use color in the text or figures, and the color is important to convey your message in the paper, it is strongly recommended that you submit a color hardcopy to your Advisor. Your Term Paper Advisor will grade the report on the quality of the content AND the writing style; please refer to the EBME 105 Term Paper Rubric for details. The Term Paper will count for 20% of the course grade. A thirty point scale will be used. Your Term Paper Advisor will submit grades to Marty Pagel (mpagel@case.edu) by Wednesday Dec 19 . No information about your grade will be available before this date. Your Term Paper Advisor will contact you with instructions about returning your term paper to you, or your Term Paper will be returned to you via your BME mail folder in Wickenden 303.
Kelvin Smith Library books on reserve for EBME 105
• J. D. Bronzino, ed., The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Boca Raton , CRC Press (1995).
• R. S. Greco, ed., Implantation Biology: The Host Response and Biomedical Devices, Boca Raton , CRC Press (1994).
• N. A. M. Estes III, A. S. Manolis and P. J. Wang, eds., Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: A Comprehensive Textbook, New York , Dekker (1994).
• C. J. White and S. R. Ramee, eds., Interventional Cardiology: Clinical Application of New Technologies, New York , Raven Press (1991).
• S.A. Berger, W. Goldsmith, E.R. Lewis eds., Introduction to bioengineering, New York : Oxford University Press, (1996).
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